Ko da yake akwai kujerun ofishi masu tasiri da yawa a farkon karni na 20, ya kasance ƙaramin ma'ana don ƙirar ergonomic.Alal misali, Frank Lloyd Wright, ya ƙera kujeru masu ban sha'awa da yawa, amma kamar sauran masu zanen kaya, ya fi sha'awar kayan ado na kujera fiye da ergonomics.A wasu lokuta, ya yi la’akari da ayyukan ɗan adam.An ƙera kujerun Ginin Larkin na 1904 don masu buga rubutu.Lokacin da mai buga bugu ya jingina gaba, kujera ma.
Saboda rashin kwanciyar hankali da kujerar, wanda daga baya aka kira "kujerin kashe kansa", Wright ya kare tsarinsa, yana mai cewa yana buƙatar ku kasance da kyakkyawan yanayin zama.
Kujerar da ya yi wa shugaban kamfanin na iya jujjuyawa da daidaita tsayinta, ana ɗaukarsa ɗaya daga cikin manyan kujerun ofis.Kujerar, tana cikin Gidan Tarihi na Art a yanzu.
A cikin shekarun 1920, ra'ayin cewa zama cikin kwanciyar hankali yana sa mutane malalaci ya zama ruwan dare har ma'aikata a masana'antu suna zama a kan benci ba tare da baya ba.A lokacin, an sami karuwar korafe-korafe game da raguwar yawan aiki da cututtukan ma'aikata, musamman a tsakanin mata masu aiki.Don haka, kamfanin Tan-Sad ya sanya a kasuwa wurin zama wanda zai iya daidaita tsayin baya.
A hankali Ergonomics ya zama sananne a wannan lokacin a cikin 1950s da 1960s, duk da haka, kalmar ta fito fiye da shekaru 100 a baya kuma ba ta fito ba sai yakin duniya na biyu.Nazarin ya nuna cewa bayan yakin duniya na biyu, ayyuka da yawa sun bukaci mu zauna.Kujerar MAA ta 1958, wanda Herman Miller mai tsara George Nelson ya tsara, ta kasance labari a cikin cewa ta baya da tushe sun karkata da kansu, suna ƙirƙirar sabon ƙwarewa ga jikin ɗan adam a wurin aiki.
A cikin 1970s, masu zanen masana'antu sun zama masu sha'awar ka'idodin ergonomic.Akwai manyan littafan Amurka guda biyu masu mahimmanci: "Ma'aunin Mutum" na Henry Dreyfuss da "Humanscale" na Niels Diffrient sun kwatanta tatsuniyoyi na ergonomics.
Rani Lueder, masanin ergonomist wanda ya kasance yana bin kujerar shekaru da yawa, ya yi imanin cewa mawallafin littattafan biyu sun wuce gona da iri ta wasu hanyoyi, amma waɗannan ƙa'idodi masu sauƙi suna taimakawa wajen haɓaka kujera.Devenritter da masu tsarawa Wolfgang Mueller da William Stumpf, yayin da suke aiwatar da waɗannan binciken, sun ƙirƙira hanyar yin amfani da kumfa polyurethane da aka ƙera don tallafawa jiki.
A cikin 1974, hamshaƙin masana'antar zamani Herman Miller ya nemi Stumpf ya yi amfani da bincikensa don tsara kujera ofis.Sakamakon wannan haɗin gwiwar shine Shugaban Ergon, wanda aka fara bugawa a cikin 1976. Kodayake masana ergonomics ba su yarda da kujera ba, ba su yarda cewa ya kawo ergonomics ga talakawa ba.
Kujerar Ergon juyin juya hali ne ta fuskar injiniyanci, amma ba kyakkyawa ba ne.Daga 1974 zuwa 1976 Emilio Ambasz da GiancarloPiretti sun tsara "kujerar kujera", wanda ya haɗu da aikin injiniya da kayan ado da kuma kama da aikin fasaha.
A cikin 1980, aikin ofis shine yanki mafi girma cikin sauri na kasuwar aikin Amurka.A waccan shekarar, masu zanen Norway Peter Opsvik da Svein Gusrud sun fito da wata hanyar magance ciwon baya, zama na yau da kullun da sauran matsalolin lafiya: Kada ku zauna, durkusa.
Kujerar Balans G ta Norwegian, wacce ta watsar da wurin zama na al'ada mai kusurwa dama, tana amfani da kusurwar gaba.Kujerar Balans G bata taba samun nasara ba.Masu kwaikwayi sun samar da waɗannan kujeru da yawa ba tare da yin la'akari da ƙira ba, wanda ya haifar da koke-koke game da ciwon gwiwa da sauran matsaloli.
Kamar yadda kwamfutoci suka zama muhimmin sashi na ofisoshi a cikin 1980s, rahotannin raunin da suka shafi kwamfuta sun tashi, kuma yawancin ƙirar kujera ergonomic sun ba da izinin ƙarin matsayi.A cikin 1985, Jerome Congleton ya tsara wurin zama na Pos, wanda ya bayyana a matsayin na halitta da sifiri, wanda kuma NASA ta yi nazari.
A cikin 1994, masu zanen Herman Miller Williams Stumpf da Donald Chadwick sun tsara kujerar Allen, mai yiwuwa kujerar ofishin ergonomic daya tilo da aka sani ga duniyar waje.Wani sabon abu game da kujera shi ne cewa tana goyon bayan kashin baya, tare da wani matashi mai siffar da aka dasa a baya mai lanƙwasa wanda zai iya canzawa tare da jiki don daidaitawa zuwa wurare daban-daban, ko yana kishirwa don yin magana a waya ko kuma jingina gaba don bugawa.
Koyaushe akwai mai zanen da ke buguwa yayin bincike, yana jujjuyawa, yana tofa albarkacin bakinsa a fuskar duniya.A shekara ta 1995, shekara guda bayan kujerar Allen ta bayyana, Donald Judd, wanda Jenny Pinter ta kira mai zane-zane da zane-zane, ya kara girman baya kuma ya kara karfin kujerar don ƙirƙirar kujera madaidaiciya, kamar akwati.Lokacin da aka tambaye shi game da kwanciyar hankali, ya nace cewa "kujeru madaidaiciya sun fi dacewa don ci da rubutu."
Tun da aka gabatar da kujerar Allen, akwai kujeru masu ban sha'awa da yawa.A cikin tsaka-tsakin, kalmar ergonomics ta zama marar ma'ana saboda ana samun ƙarin bincike fiye da kowane lokaci, amma har yanzu babu wani ma'auni na yadda za a gane ko kujera ergonomic ce.
Lokacin aikawa: Juni-16-2023